For the sponge, sift the yeast and flour into a bowl, mix, add the sugar and warm milk. Mix again, cover with plastic wrap and leave for 30 minutes.
Push the cottage cheese through a sieve or mash it with a fork together with the sugar and egg. Transfer the mixture to a stand mixer bowl and mix with the dough hook.
Add the melted butter, mix again, then add the risen sponge.
Gradually add the sifted flour and turmeric if using, then pour in the lemon essence at the end and knead the dough. Cover with plastic wrap and set in a warm place for 2 hours.
If you like, stir 60 g of candied fruit into the risen dough, divide it into 2 pieces, shape into rounds with wet hands and place into well-greased pans. Leave to rise for another 30 minutes in a warm spot.
Bake the kulichi for 30 minutes at 170-180 C, checking doneness with a skewer.